The Bioterrorism Defense Funds Bill, which passed the N.C. Senate on Tuesday by a 45-1 vote, grants $1.9 million for emergency management support.
The bill also allows up to $30 million to be pulled from the state's rainy day fund for further preventative measures.
The legislation took just eight days to make its way through the N.C. General Assembly.
Easley said in a speech Thursday that the bill was a high priority for the state.
"It is imperative that North Carolina takes immediate steps to protect the safety and well-being of our people," he said.
The bill will establish seven bioterrorism teams, which will work to prevent potential attacks, at county health departments across the state.
In addition, the bill will fund computer technology, training, equipment and labs to test for substances such as anthrax.
In the speech, Easley added that a governor's task force has asked for $13.5 million to fund additional needs, including public health and law enforcement.
The governor said that despite the state's budget was modified to generate funding for the bill, state needs are still much greater than available funds.